Hartford was the richest city in the United States for several decades following the American Civil War. Mark Twain wrote in 1868, 'Of all the beautiful towns it has been my fortune to see this is the chief.'

It is also home to the Mark Twain House, where the author wrote his most famous works and raised his family, among other historically significant sites. It is home to the country's oldest public art museum ( Wadsworth Atheneum), the oldest publicly funded park ( Bushnell Park), the oldest continuously published newspaper (the Hartford Courant), and the second-oldest secondary school ( Hartford Public High School). Hartford was founded in 1635 and is among the oldest cities in the United States. Census estimates since the 2010 United States census have indicated that Hartford is the fourth-largest city in Connecticut with a 2020 population of 121,054, behind the coastal cities of Bridgeport, New Haven, and Stamford.

It is the core city in the Greater Hartford metropolitan area. It was the seat of Hartford County until Connecticut disbanded county government in 1960.

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